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2021考研英语：备考同义词的汇总
永恒：eternal、permanent、everlasting
谋生：earn one’s living、make one’s living、live off
值得尊敬：worthy、respectable(区别：respective分别)
遵守：comply with、conform to, observe, abide by
管理：governance(government政府)、management、administration
鼓励、促使：cheer、encourage、motivate、prompt
脆弱：vulnerable、weak、feeble、fragile(脆的，易碎的)、susceptible(易受影响的=subject to)
考虑到：given, considering, in view of, with a view to
抓住：grasp、capture、seize(区别：size尺寸)
主张：claim(区别：acclaim欢呼、称赞)、proclaim、remark、advocate、allegation、comment、review(评论), argue, hold, assume
智力：wisdom、intelligence、wit
部分：component、portion、element、proportion、percentage, section
直觉的，本能的：intuitive, instinctive
提升：lift、elevate, promote
承认：admit、acknowledge, recognize
探测：detect、investigation, probe, explore
获得：gain、acquire、achieve、fetch、obtain
高估：overestimate、overrate、overvalue (区别：overlook忽视)
培养：nurture(区别：nature自然)、foster、cultivate
怀疑：skeptical、suspicious, doubtful
奇怪：weird、odd、peculiar、strange, queer
模糊：dim、vague、obscure、loom, indistinct, fuzzy
收入：salary、pay、wage、income、revenue、gain、earning
津贴：subsidy、pension、allowance、grant(拨款)
高贵：noble、royal(区别：loyal忠诚), dignity, privilege
挑出：single out、sort out、pick out
限制：limit、restrict、constrict、discipline、confine、hold back、scale back、curb on
利用：usable、available、applicable
use &rarr utilize、adopt、take、employ、apply
偏见：bias、prejudice、discrimination、inequality
组成：consist of、be made from/of、include (exclude)、constitute、
发行：issue、release、distribute、launch
结束：fulfill、finish、accomplish、carry out、achieve、complete
能力：ability、capability、potential, power
交易：deal、trade、exchange、transaction
以前：previous、former、latter、prior to(priority优先 &rarr primary初级的、重要的 &rarr primitive原始的)
加强：promote、facilitate、enhance、strengthen、reinforce, aggravate
前景：prospect、future、expectation、outlook
保守：conservative(conservation保存)、traditional、custom，激进：radical
顾客：customer、client、consumer、guest
谦卑：humble， modest
告示：announcement、notice、poster、bulletin、report
想象： visualize , imagine, suppose, envision,
会议：conference、meeting、convention
引用：cite、illustrate(举例说明=exemplify)、quote
拒绝：reject、refuse、turn down、decline
保留：preserve、reserve, retain, persist
公平：fairness、impartial, justice, equality
同伴：partner、companion, peer, colleague
保护：protect、guard、safeguard、defend(defendant辩护，被告)、shield(区别：yield产出，屈服)
生产：yield、manufacturer、generate, produce
暂停、延期：suspend、phase back、put off、stop、postpone、delayed
信息：information、message、data、figure、statistics
公司：enterprise、firm、company、corporation(区别：cooperation合作)
故意：deliberately、intentionally、purposely、on/in purpose
吸引：appeal (吸引、呼吁、起诉appeal to)、attract、fascinate、tempt(区别：contempt蔑视)， absorb
有希望的：promising、hopeful、brightening
对手：rival、equal、comparative、competitor、opponent、adversary, enemy
灭亡：perish、die (out)、extinguish(distinguish区别)
消失：disappear、vanish、diminish(减少)、gone
方法：ways、means、approach、solution、remedy(补救措施)、measure
财产：estate、real estate(房地产)、property、asset
放弃：abandon、give up、desert(区别：dessert甜点)
悲观：pessimistic，negative, 乐观：optimistic，active, positive
地区：regions、scope、range、sphere
2021考研英语指导： That从句的用法
一、that 用作指示代词
(复数形式是those)，其指代意义同形容词用法，同时它还可以用作定语从句中的先行词还可为了避免重复，代替前述名词。
That is what he told me.
What is that (which) you have got in your hand?
The price of rice is higher than that of flour.
二、that 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句
先行词可人可物，用法相当于who或which。(但是在下列情况下多用that：先行词既有人又有物时先行词有形容词高级、序数词、不定代词、very，only等修饰时先行词是不定代词时)
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
I think it one of the most wonderful films that the film company has ever produced.
She has little information that is useful for our research.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
请注意，that 在定语从句中作宾语时通常可省略。
The books (that) I sent you will help you in your studies.
三、that 用作连词，引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句
1. that名词性从句。
①引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。
I didn't expect (that) he could win the championship.
The teacher pointed out that tom was not working hard enough.
② 引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语的句型。
That the earth goes around the sun is known to everyone.
(It is known to everyone that the earth goes around the sun.)
③引导表语从句。
The trouble is that we are short of money.
④引导同位语从句。
引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的。前者只起语法作用，在从句中不作任何成分而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。举例说明：
The news that he resigned from office surprised us.
The idea that he holds is very common nowadays on campus.
2. that引导状语从句
①引导目的状语从句。
Bring it nearer that I may see it better.
②引导结果状语从句。
What have I done that he should be so angry with me?
③引导原因状语从句。
I am afraid that I will fail in the driving test.
④引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然、尽管”。
Difficult that/as the task was, they managed to accomplish it on time.
⑤引导条件状语从句。意为“假使、假设”。
Supposing that you were in my position, what would you do?
On condition that you were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible.
3. 引导强调句。
It is Mrs. white that makes the decision in her family, not her meek little husband.
It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.
四、that用作副词
1. that用作普通副词。
I was that/so angry I could have hit him.
2. that用作关系副词。引导定语从句，可以代替when，where，why或 in which，常可省略。
I will never forget the evening (that) / when we went to the theatre.
The house (that)/where I used to live has been knocked down.
五、与that 有关的常见重要短语
1. in that，意为“既然、因为”。
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us correct our mistakes.
2. now that，意为“既然、由于”。
Now that they have taken matters their hands, the pace of events has quickened.
3. see (to it) that，意为“注意、务必做到、保证”。
We will see to it that she gets home early.
See to it that you are not late again.
4. seeing that，意为“鉴于、由于”。
Seeing that it is 8 o'clock, we'll wait no longer.
Seeing that he was busy with his work, I didn't disturb him.
2021考研英语：备考句型之主语解析
主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体，如“我喜欢小狗”中的“我”，就是主语，它做出“喜欢”这个动作。而“小狗”又是喜欢这个动作的对象，因此我们可以认为由主语引出动作，动作引出动作的承受者。
那么我们对主语有了一个初步的认识，主语就是执行句子行为或动作的主体。那么这个主体都可以由哪些成分来充当呢?我们可以从以下三个宏观的方面来分类，即词、短语、句子。
一、从词的角度来讲，可以作主语的有
1. 最常见的名词(名称)，例如桌子、树木、学生、常识等人或物。他们作主语的情况占了大多数。例如：
句1：Jenny takes care of his mother.
这个句子中的动作发出者是Jenny，即为主语，主语为某个人，是一个名词。
2. 可以作主语的还有代词。若我讲句1中的Jenny用代词指代一下，变成she，那么句子就变成了：
句2：She takes care of her mother.
这个句子中的动作发出者是she，即为主语，因为she指代的是Jenny， 仍然为某个人，所以归属在名词当中。
3. 有时数词也可以作主语。例如：
句3: Nine is my lucky number.
在这句话中，nine 放在系动词 is 前面充当主语，所以数词也是可以充当主语。
从词类角度分析，主语就包括以上几点，名词、代词、数词，实际上同学们可以把这些词类统称为名词性质的词。
二、短语作主语，其中包括两类
1. 动名词加宾语作主语，例如：
句4：Taking care of his father is Danny’s job.
在这句话中taking care of his father 作了主语，属于动名词短语作主语。
2. 不定式作主语，To do 可以作除了谓语动词之外的任何成分，当然主语也不例外了。例如：
句5：To take care of his father is Danny’s responsibility.
在这句中to take care of his father为不定式短语，在句子作了主语的成分。
最后，句子也可以做主语，那么主语的位置上是一个句子，这个句子就被叫做主语从句。
虽然说判断主语还有一个简单的方法，就是寻找谓语动词所在，那么动词前的成分都是主语，但是这种方法不是百试百灵，因为主谓之间有时可能掺杂其他修饰成分，建议同学们对什么成分能够作主语有一些基本的了解，这样才能快速定位主语。
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