按照句子的用途,英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按照句子的结构,英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。中考对句子的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
1. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法;
2. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法;
3. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法;
4. 由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别
对于各种从句的用法我们在后面分别论述。
【名师点睛】
一. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法
1. 陈述句:
陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。
Tom has a new car.
The flower isn’t beautiful.
2. 陈述句否定式的构成
(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。
He is playing the guitar.(肯定)
He is not playing the guitar.(否定)
We can get there before dark.(肯定)
We can’t get thee before dark.(否定)
(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。
He plays the violin well.(肯定)
He doesn’t play the violin well.(否定)
She won the game.(肯定)
She didn’t win the game.(否定)
(3) 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have(有),除了be和have之后加not之外,句中如果有some要变为any。例如:
There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup.
He has some books. →He has not any books.
(4) 除not以外,否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。例如:
There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.
I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film.
二. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法
祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。
1. 肯定的祈使句:
(1)祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。
Be quiet.
You be quiet!
(2)“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求,do起强调作用。
Do come back at once!
Do be careful.
(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分分开。
Open the window, please.
中考政策 | 中考状元 | 中考饮食 | 中考备考辅导 | 中考复习资料 |