一、how long, how soon, how often的比较
how long是问某个动作或状态延续了多久,用“(for+)时间段”来回答; how soon是问某个动词要过多久之后才发生或结束,用“in+时间段”来回答;how often是问某个动作每隔多久发生一次,或者一个单位时间里发生次数的多少,用“次数(如once, twice)+单位时间(如a day, a month)”或usually, sometimes等来回答。如:
How ________ can you finish the drawing? (全国卷)
A. often B. soon
C. long D. rapid
【分析】答案选B。句意是:过多久以后你才能画完?
二、no longer / more, not any…longer / more的比较
表示时间上的“不再”,no more通常放在句末,且一般只与非延续性动词go, come, see, return等连用,一般不用于系表结构中;no longer(一般位于行为动词之前或者be动词、情态动词、助动词之后)和更口语化的not…any longer / more既可与延续性动词连用也可与非延续性动词连用。如:
1. —Will you give this message to Mr White, please?
—Sorry, I can’t. He ________. (全国卷)
A. doesn’t any more work here B. doesn’t any longer her work
C. doesn’t work any more here D. doesn’t work here any longer
【分析】答案选D。any longer / more要位于句末。
2. —Excuse me, is this Mr Brown’s office?
—I’m sorry, but Mr Brown ________ works here. He left about three months ago. (全国卷)
A. not now B. no more
C. not still D. no longer
【分析】答案选D。在行为动词前要用no longer。
注:①涉及到数量时用no more。如:There is no more bread on the plate. (盘子里没有面包了。) ②no more还可表示“也不”,相当于neither或nor。如:He couldn’t lift the table and no more could I. 他拿不动那张桌子,我也拿不动。
三、fairly, quite, rather, pretty的比较
rather一般表示不合意,有时也可表示合意的;fairly表示令人满意的;pretty与very意思接近,可表示合意或不合意。值得注意的是:
1. 与too或比较级连用只能用rather,如rather colder(有点冷), rather too large(稍大一点),但quite better(好多了)是个例外;
2. quite和rather可位于冠词前,其它两个则不能;
3. 表示“完全,十分(=completely)”时要用quite。如quite agree(完全同意),但不说quite disagree。
四、much too, too much的比较
much too就是too的强势语,用来修饰形容词或副词,意为“太…”;too much就是much的强势语,用来修饰不可数名词或动词(后面不接任何词),意为“太多(…)”。如:
1. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ________ to carry all the way home. (全国卷)
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
【分析】答案选A。heavy是形容词,应用副词too来修饰,而much too就是too的强势语。
2. It was ________ late to catch a bus after the party, therefore we called a taxi. (上海卷)
A. too very B. much too
C. too much D. far
【分析】答案选B。late是形容词,用much too修饰。
五、nearly, almost的比较
在肯定句中或者don’t, doesn’t, didn’t之前,两者可互换,只是almost = very nearly。但是:
1. 在not, very, pretty之后用nearly,不用almost。(from www.nmet168.com)
2. 在no, no one, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, never, any, too, impossible, think, believe, wish等前面用almost,而不用nearly。若是做选择题,只要记住在not, very, pretty之后用nearly外,一般选almost。如:
There isn’t nearly enough time to learn all these words. 把这些词都学会,是间远远不够。
Almost no one believes her. 几乎没有人相信她。
六、so, that, such的比较
so是副词,后面一定是接形容词或副词;在口语中,常用that来代替so;such是形容词,后接“(形容词+)名词”,但在名词有表示“多”“少”的many, much, little, few时,要用so。如:
1. Can you believe that in ________ a rich country there should be ________ many poor people? (全国卷)
A. such; such B. such, so
C. so; so D. so; such
【分析】答案选B。名词前用形容词such,such a rich country =so rich a country;在many前要用so。
2. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always ________ much to do. (广东卷)
A. such B. that
C. more D. very
【分析】答案选B。much前用so, 不用such。口语中,常用that来代替so。
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