advise ，persuade
persuade sb. to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事”，强调劝说成功，说服;advise sb. to do sth. 意为“劝说某人做某事”，不涉及劝说是否有效，相当于try to persuade sb. to do sth.。如：
The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking.医生说服我爸爸戒了烟。
The doctor advised my father to give up smoking, but failed.
医生劝我爸爸戒烟，但没成功。
advise; suggest
advise 与suggest 都可作“建议”讲，二者用法有同有异。
(1)相同点 表示建议做某事，advise与suggest都可采用下列三种句型:
① + 名词
② + 动名词
③ + that从句(从句中常用should加动词原形，should可以省略。)
eg. He advised/ suggested an early start.
He advised/ suggested (our) starting early.
He advised/ suggested that we (should) start early.
(注：只要是用从句表示建议该做的事，从句中就可用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。)上面的第三句可转化为：
It was suggested that we (should) start early.
What he suggested was that we(should) start early.
His suggestion was that we (should) start early.
(2)不同点
①advise后可以跟人称代词作宾语，而suggest后不可以跟人称代词作宾语。故可以说：
advise sb. to do sth.; advise sb. against (doing) sth.; advise sb. on/ about sth.; suggest(to sb.)that...
前三种结构中不可将advise改为suggest，如：
[正]He advised us to go to visit the museum.
[误]He suggested us to go to visit the museum.
[误]He suggested us that we go to visit the museum.
②suggest还有“暗示、表明、说、指出(一个事实)”的意思。此时从句中用陈述语气，不用虚拟语气。如：
The smile on his face suggested that he was pleased.
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the patient was seriously ill.(句中suggest陈述了一个事实，故用陈述语气。)比较：
Having examined carefully, the doctor suggested that the Patient be
operated on at once.(句中suggest表示建议该做某事，从句中用should加动词原形，should在从句中省略。)
affect(=have an effect on sth.)vt.影响(effect n.影响)
This may affect your health. 这或许会影响你的健康。
My throat is always affected by bad weather.我的嗓子总是受恶劣天气的影响。
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