2013高考英语备考：at/ with /through 用法说明

　　at, with, through表原因

　　三个介词都可表示原因，at表示听到或看到的原因;with表示人体外部的原因;through 强调自身的原因。如：be sad at the news听了这个消息而悲伤;be frightened at the sight看了那个情景而害怕;jump up with joy高兴地跳了起来;turn red with anger气得脸红;shake with cold/fear冻得/害怕得发抖;with pleasure高兴地;with pride 骄傲地;with satisfaction满意地;make the mistake through his carelessness由于粗心而出错;be put into prison through no fault of his own 没有任何罪过被关进监狱。

　　[应用]汉译英

　　①听到这个消息，全国人民处于悲哀之中。

　　②孩子们高兴地跳了起来。

　　③由于大意他犯了这个错误。

　　Key:①At the news, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

　　②The children jumped up with joy.

　　③He made the mistake through his carelessness.

　　at work; out of work; after work

　　这三个以work为中心词的介词短语，在意思和用法上均不相同。

　　(1)at work表示“在工作、在上班”，作表语或状语。例如：

　　They are both at work today.今天他们俩都在上班。

　　His father had an accident at work last week.上周的父亲在工作时出了事故。

　　(2)out of work表示“失业”，是介词短语，相当于lost one’s job或be unemployed。例如：

　　If you don’t work hard, you’ll be out of work.如果你不好好工作就会失业。

　　You’ll be out of work if you keep coming late.如果你老是迟到，你会失业的。

　　(3)after work表示“下班后”，作时间状语。例如：

　　What do you usually do after work?下班后你经常干什么?

　　I visited Mr Liu after work yesterday.昨天下班后我看望过刘先生。

　　attempt

　　(1)n.尝试;企图。

　　①He made an attempt to learn to ski.他尝试着学滑雪。

　　②He failed in attempt at climbing up the mountain.他企图爬上这座山，却失败了。

　　(2)vt.尝试;企图。

　　①She attempted to learn Japanese.她试图学习日语。

　　②The prisoner attempted an escape.那犯人企图逃走。

　　12.keep out of = keep sth.(sb.)out of不使入内;不牵涉进去。

　　①Warm clothing will keep the cold out.保暖的衣服可御寒。

　　②Keep out of their quarrels.不要参与他们争吵。

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