2012高考英语语法：现在分词与过去分词的区别

　　在英语学习中，分词是一个相当重要的语法内容。作为非谓语动词，它也是高考年年必考的"重头戏"。但是从学生的答题情况来看，结果却不容乐观。分词应注意的几个问题：

　　1.现在分词与过去分词的区别

　　Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?

　　= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?

　　The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.

　　= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.

　　China is a developing country and America is a developed country.

　　2.分词作表语

　　The news sounds encouraging.

　　They got very excited.

　　1)现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：

　　The news is interesting. (表示主语的性质特征)

　　He is interested in the news. (表示主语的心理状态)

　　doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ;done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。

　　2)表语与被动式的区别：

　　The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming.(强调动作)

　　The blackboard is broken. You’d better have it repaired.(强调状态)

　　3)常作表语的过去分词：

　　amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done

　　3.现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别

　　The situation in our country is encouraging. (表语)

　　The situation in our country is encouraging the people. ( 现在进行时)

　　My job is looking after the little baby. (动名词)

　　能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。

　　例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging.

　　What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby.

　　4.注意的四种结构：

　　have something to do 有某事要做

　　have something done 使某事被做

　　have somebody do something 使某人做某事

　　have something doing 让某事一直做着

　　5.需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：

　　seat , prepare , hide , dress

　　如：I seated myself on the chair.

　　I was seated on the chair