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2021考研英语：语法长难句的表达解析(16)
The honours system looked stained long before this weekend’s leak of David Cameron’s nominations for his resignation awards. Questions about such decorations are age-old: no recent case has matched the scandals of David Lloyd George’s era, when their sale was blatant. But they recur almost every time a list is published.
一、长难句解析
1.The honours system looked stained long before this weekend’s leak of David Cameron’s nominations for his resignation awards.
参考译文：授勋制度在本周末大卫&bull卡梅伦的辞职提名泄漏的很久以前就看起来污点重重。
2.Questions about such decorations are age-old: no recent case has matched the scandals of David Lloyd George’s era, when their sale was blatant.
参考译文：关于这种嘉奖的疑问由来已久：近来没有任何一例可以超过大卫&bull劳埃德&bull乔治时代的丑闻，那时他们公然出售头衔。
3.But they recur almost every time a list is published.
参考译文：但几乎每次发布名单时疑问就会重新出现。
所以从stained这个单词我们就能看出文章对于授勋系统的态度是负面的。
2021考研英语：语法长难句的表达解析(15)
These dangers can be mitigated. Requiring minimum turnouts can guard against the tyranny of the few. But the bigger point is that referendums are a worse form of democracy than representative government. The founders of democratic states created parliaments for a reason.
一、长难句解析
1. These dangers can be mitigated.
这些危险可以被缓解。
2. Requiring minimum turnouts can guard against the tyranny of the few.
限制最低投票人数可以防范少数的暴政。
3. But the bigger point is that plebiscites are a worse form of democracy than representative government.
但更重要的一点是，公投与代议制相比是糟糕的民主形式。
4. The founders of democratic states created parliaments for a reason.
民主国家的创始人建立议会是有理由的。
2021考研英语：语法长难句的表达解析(14)
Referendum( 全民公投)are supposed to get citizens engaged in politics and make governments responsive. If they worked, Europeans ought to be feeling particularly satisfied with their democracies. For referendums are on the rise. Not counting Switzerland, which has always run lots of them, big plebiscites are three times more common in Europe now than they were in the 1970s. Britain is preparing one on withdrawing from the European Union. Dutch campaigners have just won a referendum against the EU-Ukraine association agreement, and plan to take on EU trade treaties with Canada and America. Italians are to vote on changing their constitution, and Hungarians on the EU’s refugee-sharing scheme.
参考译文：全民公投本应让公民参与政治、让政府有效响应。如果公投起作用，那么欧洲人现在应该会对自己的民主感到特别满意。因为全民公投有增多的趋势。不算总是进行公投的瑞士，欧洲的大型公投是20世纪70年代的三倍多。英国目前正在准备退欧公投。荷兰的运动人士刚赢得了反对《欧盟与乌克兰联系国协定》的公投，并计划反对欧盟与加拿大和美国的贸易条约。意大利人要就改变宪法进行公投，匈牙利人要对欧盟的难民共享方案进行表决。
这段的前两句我就读出了作者哀怨的语气：
Referendum( 全民公投)are supposed to get citizens engaged in politics and make governments responsive.
全民公投应该让公民参与政治、让政府有效响应。
If they worked, Europeans ought to be feeling particularly satisfied with their democracies.
如果公投起作用，那么欧洲人现在应该会对自己的民主感到特别满意。
Ought to 就真的彻底暴露了作者对于全民公投的态度了!
作者是持有负面评价的!
大家来看下一段：
Despite this direct democracy, Europeans are alienated from politics and furious with their governments. Referendum- mania has not slowed the rise of populist, Eurosceptic parties which attack the establishment as corrupt and out of touch. Plebiscites meant to settle thorny issues instead often aggravate them: after Scotland’s independence referendum failed in 2014, membership of the Scottish National Party quadrupled, suggesting another confrontation is coming.
Thorny issues: 棘手的问题
Aggravate:恶化
Populist:民粹主义的
参考译文：尽管有这种直接民主，欧洲人与政治疏离，不满他们的政府。全民投票的狂热并没有减缓指责政府腐败和脱节的民粹的、疑欧党派的崛起。旨在解决棘手问题的公民投票相反往往加重了它们：苏格兰独立公投在2014年失败后，苏格兰民族党会员翻了两番，暗示着另一次对峙的来临。
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