2021年考研英语：真题词汇语境详解(2)

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　　2021年考研英语：真题词汇语境详解(2)

　　ban

　　v. 1.officially forbid (sth) 明令禁止

　　2.officially forbid sb (to do sth) 明令禁止某人

　　真题连线1999 Passage 4

　　But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. 但他们在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令彻底禁止克隆人这一问题上存在分歧。

　　banquet

　　构词banqu长凳+et名词后缀→宴会

　　n.宴会, 盛宴

　　链接banquetv.宴请;参加宴会

　　Text 2

　　Hilton is building its own hotel there， which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars， the Lear Lounge， the Banquo Banqueting Room， and so forth， and will be very expensive. 希尔顿也在这儿建了一座自己的酒店，这里肯定可以能看到被装饰一新的哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧，Lear休息室，宴会厅等等。进一步说，这里消费将很贵。

　　barrier

　　构词barr栅，栏+ier名词后缀→栅栏

　　n.1.hindrance 障碍; 妨碍

　　2.the language barrier 语言的隔阂

　　Passage 4

　　I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers’ demands. 我认为，推动这股巨大的并购浪潮的最主要的力量，也是推动全球化进程的力量，包括日趋下降的运输与通讯费用，较低的贸易与投资壁垒，以及市场的扩大和为满足市场需求而进行的扩大生产。

　　basic

　　构词bas低下，基础+ic 形容词后缀→基础的

　　a.基本的, 碱性的n.基本, 要素, 基础;

　　Text 3

　　In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics.就在十几年内，数百万母亲出去工作，这改变了根本的家庭经济状况。

　　battle

　　构词bat打，击+t+le名词后缀→战斗

　　n.an encounter between opposing forces战役,战斗;斗争

　　v.to engage in or as if in battle; fight against战斗,斗争,搏斗

　　真题连线2000 Passage 3

　　Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. 他们对战斗的描述确实让人很难理解。

　　benefit

　　构词bene 好+fit做，制作→做了有好处→有益于

　　n.1.promotes or enhances well-being; an advantage利益

　　2.help; aid帮助;援助

　　3. allowance; alms; insurance 津贴，救济金，保险费

　　v.1.to be helpful or useful to有助于…，有用于…

　　2.to derive benefit受益

　　链接beneficial a.有利的(benefic有益于+ial形容词后缀→有利的，有益的)

　　Passage 4

　　Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. 目前证明这股合并浪潮是带来利还是弊的实例并不多。

　　bias

　　构词bi 二+as 名词后缀→两种状态

　　n.& v.1.a preference or an inclination, prejudice; (使有)偏见,偏心,偏袒

　　2.slanting 倾斜的, 对角的

　　真题连线2001 Passage 3

　　But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. 但它似乎从来就没回过头来去注意那么多以前的顾客所抱怨的文化和阶级偏见。

　　2021年考研英语：真题词汇语境详解(1)

　　abandon

　　构词a不+ban禁止+don给予→不禁止给出去→放弃

　　vt. 1.give up completely放弃

　　2.forsake，desert 遗弃, 丢弃

　　3.yield completely to 放肆, 放纵; 沉湎于

　　n. freedom from worry or inhibitions放肆; 放纵; 尽情; 任意

　　Passage 5

　　Abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. 放弃“忙忙碌碌”的生活哲学，转而过一种“放慢生活节奏”的生活所带来的回报，比经济成功和社会地位更有价值。

　　absolute

　　构词ab不+solute松开→决不松开→绝对的

　　a.1.complete; total绝对的; 完全的, 纯粹的,确实的

　　2.unrestricted; unlimited; unqualified无条件的, 不受限制的

　　3.having unlimited power 专制的, 独断的

　　4.certain; undoubted 确实的, 肯定的

　　Passage 5

　　My experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. 我这个被美国人称为“放慢生活节奏”的试验，却使我老掉牙的借口变成了绝对的现实。

　　absorb

　　构词ab表强调+sorb吸→吸引

　　vt.1.to take sth in through 吸收

　　2.include sth/sb as part of; merge with 并吞

　　3.hold the interest of sb fully使(精神)贯注

　　习惯用语be absorbed by 被…吞并, 为…所吸收

　　be absorbed in 全神贯注在…, 一心从事, 热衷于

　　absorb sb.’s attention 吸引某人注意

　　Part C

　　Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.通过并运用法律来提高判断能力是一名新闻记者为其职业生涯做好知识准备的一个重要组成部分。

　　absorbed

　　构词ab.表强调+sorb吸+ed形容词后缀→被吸引的→全神贯注的;专心的

　　a.wholly involved or occupied; engrossed 热衷的，专注的

　　Text 1

　　People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption”launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. 人们被一种消费文化所吸引，这种文化是由十九世纪在高雅的氛围中陈列着琳琅满目的商品的百货商店所发起的。

　　abstract

　　构词abs离开+tract拉，拖→拉出，抽

　　a.1.existing in thought but not having practical抽象的; 理论上的, 不现实的

　　2.difficult to understand;深奥的;难以理解的

　　vt. 1.to take away; remove抽取;拿走

　　2.to summarize;概括;归纳

　　n.摘要，梗概

　　链接abstracteda.心不在焉的

　　abstractionn.提取

　　习惯用语in the abstract 抽象地, 观念上, 理论上; make an abstract of 把…的要点摘录下来

　　真题连线2003 英译汉

　　Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture”, like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. 因此，人类学中的“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念。它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。

　　2021考研英语：英语备考之单词辨析(4)

　　activist n.(政治活动的)积极分子，活动家

　　addict n.1.有瘾的人 　2.入迷的人　vt.使成瘾，使入迷

　　additive n.添加剂

　　adhere vi.1.(to)粘附，附着 　 2.遵守，坚持　 3.追随，支持

　　adhesive n.粘合剂 a.可粘着的，粘性的

　　adjacent a.(to)邻近的，毗连的

　　adjoin vt.贴近，与...毗连

　　adjourn v.(使)休会，(使)休庭

　　administer vt.1.掌管，料理...的事务　 2.施行，实施　 3.给予，派给，投(药)

　　admiral n.海军将领，舰队司令

　　adolescent n.青少年 a.青春期的，青少年的

　　adore vt.1.崇拜，敬慕，爱慕　2.非常喜欢

　　adorn vt.装饰，使生色

　　advent n. 出现，到来

　　adversary n.对手，敌手

　　adverse a.不利的，有害的

　　aerial a.1.飞机的，航空的，由飞机进行的 2.空中的，架空的 n.天线

　　aesthetic a.美学的, 审美的, 有审美感的

　　affiliate vt.使隶属于 n. 附属机构，分公司

　　affirm vt.1.断言，坚持声称 2.证实，确认

　　afflict vt.使苦恼，折磨

　　A Change of Heart

　　The anti-war activist was not surprised at all that his primary adversay,the Admiral,had been afflicted with a drug addict for a son.He was actually quite happy to find out that his enemy had such personal problems.It was the advent of a new day,however,when the activist decided to help administer the treatment for the adolescent and help the Admiral fight this adverse situation.And it was clear that the Admiral was a wonderful person when the activist saw how much the Admiral adored his son.

　　Now living in an adjacent room in a special section of a treatment center, the activist was able to adhere to the strictest methods for helping the boy fight his addiction. The activist was able to help with aesthetic changes,such as adorning the boy with clean clothes, as well as affirm the boy as his body struggled with the medical additives that would help the boy get better.

　　Certain events were luckily also not adhesive in the youth's mind. This included the boys' aerial leap from a tall building. He did not die only because he landed in the swimming pool of the adjoining building.

　　And now the activist was gaining the attention of his affiliates because of his honorable actions. This had never been his motive. He had only wanted to help a person in need. And, as the Admiral adjourned their weekly meeting about the boy's progress,the activist was really happy that he had been able to make a difference in someone's life.

　　彻底的改变

　　这位反战积极分子的主要对手，舰队司令因儿子染上毒瘾而十分苦恼，但他对此一点也不感到厅怪。实际上，发现他的敌人有这样的个人问题，他还感到很高兴。然而，当这位积极分子决定帮助实施对这位青少年的治疗并协助舰队司令对付这种不利情况时，新的一天到来了。很显然，当这位反战积极分子看到舰队司令对儿子是如何喜爱时，舰队司令成了一个可爱的人。

　　现在这位反战积极分子正住在邻近治疗中心特区的一个房间里，因而他能够坚持用最严格的方法帮助那个男孩戒除毒隐。这位反战积极分子能够用审美上的变化提供帮助，如用干净的衣服打扮男孩，当他的身体与医疗添加剂的副作用作斗争的时候他会断言它们会使他好起来。

　　有些事情幸好没有在这个年轻人的心中留下记忆，其中包括他从高楼的空中跳下，他没有死只是因为他掉到了邻近大楼的游泳池里。

　　由于他的诚心相助，这位反战积极分子得到了他的下属的注意。这并不是他原来的动机，他只是想帮助一个需要帮助的人。在舰队司令使每周召开的讨论男孩病情的会议休会时，这位积极分子为自己能使一个人的生活发生变化而感到由衷的高兴。

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