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2021考研英语：完形填空的混淆词汇解析
一、完型填空的特点以及测试要点
A、特点
1、 首段首句不出题(240-300字)
(每隔4-15个出一个空，是这样么?)
事实上不是的，有种特别难的题目，虽然两个空格之间存在‘距离’，但是逻辑关系上面却是‘紧密相连’的，这相当于就变成了两个‘挨在一起’的空格，成为了最难的题目。例如：
99年的文章，
When the work is well done, a __43__ of accident-free operations is established __44__ time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
43. [A] regulation[B] climate[C] circumstance[D] requirement
44. [A] where[B] how[C] what[D] unless
2、 完型填空所写答案是最佳答案，而不是最正确答案
(为什么?)
其实这也就是考研‘难度’的体现，有时候会出现语法、句意上面都对的几个选项，那么这个时候就应该选择最佳的答案，而不仅仅是‘正确’的答案。这个要求，在考研完型题目之前的‘direction’里面说的清清楚楚…
3、 普遍联系的观点解完型填空的每个题。
(鸟笼思想，一个空的正确有时取决其它空…)
4、 体裁：(议论文，说明文为主，很少有记叙文)
(94年语言、睡眠、维生素，98年的临时工、工业革命发展…)
5、 完美性
① 有一个明确的主题
② 有鲜明的态度
③ 文章全是总分结构
B、测试要点
1、阅读能力
① 对文章整体把握和理解
② 上下段、上下句之间的逻辑关系
③ 句子的内部结构(复杂句多)
2、 英语知识运用能力(正式名称)
1)结构识别――语法能力 (19%)
2)固定习语、搭配――介词(14%)
3)词义辨析及使用(67%)
比较常见的几种逻辑关系：
并列关系:
and, and also, or, neither…nor, either…or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same…as
递进关系:
then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, indeed
因果关系:
because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so(such)…that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, in response to, with, for this reason, lead to, too…to
转折关系:
but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of
让步关系:
although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of
其他：
列举关系:first—second—last of all, first—then, to begin with—to continue/next, on one hand—on the other hand, for one thing—for another thing, one—another, some—others—still others
举例关系:such as, for example, for instance, of these/those/them, among these/those/them, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely
总结关系:in all, in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, altogether, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude, to generalize, to put it in one word
二、如何准备完型填空
a) 突破词汇关，尤其是常考词组，容易混淆的词。
b) 熟悉历年真题。考查英语基础和水平。语法的重要性。
c) 精读历年文章，分析文章作者态度和内在结构。
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