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2020考研英语：长句小练精讲解析3
We have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.
●这个句子的难点在于a certain conception of the American citizen后面是同位语a character[一般逗号两边都是名词或名词结构，可以联想同位语结构]，其后是一个who引导的定语从句：其中主句是who is incomplete，if引导条件从句，这个条件从句中的谓语动词assess跟了一个how引导的宾语从句。
【词汇】
●a certain某种
●conception 观念，概念
●competently本意是胜任地、合适地，此处演化成“准确地”
●assess v.评价，评估
●livelihood生活
【译文】
我们应该这样理解美国公民&mdash&mdash如果他不能准确判断自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影响的，那么他是个不完整的个体。
2句精讲：
The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good. 【分析】
【分析】
●这句话结构的突破点是and，and后面是一个简单的主系表结构，前面比较复杂。the "shareholders"主语， as such作为修饰， had no knowledge of是谓语部分， the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen是宾语，employed by the company引导分词结构做后置定语，修饰前面的workmen， in which he held shares是定语从句修饰前面的company。
【词汇】
●shareholder股东
●as such这样的
●have no knowledge of 对…不了解不知道
【译文】
这样的"股东"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系不会产生积极的影响。
3句精讲：
Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack.
【分析】
●本句是since引导的原因状语从句，主句中economist是主语，谓语部分是被动语态，宾语是favorable inflation figures。
●从句中conventional measures是主语，谓语suggest后面是that引导的宾语从句，逗号之间是插入语，补充说明。
【词汇】
●favorable 利好的
●inflation n.通货膨胀
●convention n. 大会，会议[僻义] 惯例--->conventional a. 传统的= traditional
●slack n. 松弛，淡季
【译文】
经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶，因为传统的计量方法显示两国的经济，特别是美国的经济， 很少出现生产萧条的状况。
4句精讲：
The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
【分析】
●第一个句子是主系表结构。
●第二个句子主语是some economists，谓语动词argue后面接宾语从句，从句中powerful structural changes in the world是主语，have upended是谓语，the old economic models是宾语，后面又接一个定语从句，其中were based upon是谓语部分，the historical link后面接了一个between…and…结构。
【词汇】
●thrilling a. 毛骨悚然的，令人震惊的
●defective a.有缺陷的
●upend v. 颠倒，倒放
[写作句型]we can find that powerful innovative measures have upended the old lifestyle in which too little importance were attached to the environmental protection .我们发现强有力的改革措施改变了不太重视环境保护的传统生活方式。
【译文】
很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有力的变化已经颠覆了以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的旧经济模式。
5句精讲：
His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chop
【分析】
●逗号之间是插入语，主语是his colleague，谓语say后面是宾语从句，far too many companies是主语， have applied是谓语， re-engineering是宾语， in a mechanistic fashion是状语，后面chopping引导分词结构做状语。
【词汇】
●apply vt.应用 vi.申请 (for)
●in a … fashion 以 ….方式
●chop out削减 = cut down
●sufficient a.充分的
●give thought to 考虑
●long-term长期的
【译文】
他的同事迈克尔.比尔说，有太多的公司采用机械的方式实行重组，没有充分考虑长期赢利能力的情况下削减成本。
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