美国威廉玛丽学院基本概况

　　美国威廉玛丽学院成立于1693年，是美国第二古老的大学，目前美国排名位居103位。下面是留学群为大家整理并翻译的威廉玛丽学院基本概况，供大家参考。

　　一、关于威廉玛丽学院

　　The College of William and Mary, one of the nation's premier state-assisted liberal arts universities, believes that excellence in teaching is the key to unlocking intellectual and personal possibilities for students. Dedicated to this philosophy and committed to limited enrollment, the College provides high-quality undergraduate, graduate and professional education that prepares students to make significant contributions to the Commonwealth of Virginia and the nation. In recognition, the media have included William and Mary among the nation's prestigious "Public Ivys," and ranked it first among state institutions in terms of commitment to teaching. The academic atmosphere at WM, firmly grounded in a venerated liberal arts tradition, is a combination of juxtapositions: thinking and doing, tradition and innovation, collaboration and independence, teaching and research.

　　威廉玛丽学院坚定地相信优质的教学是激发学生知识潜力和个人能力的关键，它是美国最重要的州立文科大学之一。学校遵循这一理念，坚持有限制招生。其高质量的本科、研究生和职业教育让学生有能力为弗吉尼亚州和美国做出重大贡献。为了表示认可，媒体已将威廉玛丽学院列为美国著名“公立常春藤盟校”的一员。在教学承诺指标上，学校被列为州立大学之首。威廉玛丽学院有牢固的备受尊崇的文科教育传统。在其学术氛围中，思与做、传统与创新、合作与独立、教学与科研均得到了体现。

　　Faculty staff and students (by QS)

　　师生人数(QS提供)

　　二、威廉玛丽学院的历史

　　William & Mary is the second-oldest college in America. The original plans for W&M date back to 1618 — decades before Harvard — but were derailed by an "Indian uprising." We couldn't make this stuff up.

　　On February 8, 1693, King William III and Queen Mary II of England signed the charter for a "perpetual College of Divinity, Philosophy, Languages, and other good Arts and Sciences" to be founded in the Virginia Colony. And William & Mary was born.

　　Workers began construction on the Sir Christopher Wren Building, then known simply as the College Building in 1695, before the town of Williamsburg even existed. Over the next two centuries, the Wren Building would burn on three separate occasions, each time being re-built inside the original walls. That makes the Wren the oldest college building still standing in America, and possibly the most flammable.

　　William & Mary has been called the Alma Mater of the Nation because of its close ties to America's founding fathers. A 17-year-old George Washington received his surveyor's license through W&M and would return as its first American chancellor. Thomas Jefferson received his undergraduate education here, as did presidents John Tyler and James Monroe.

　　W&M is famous for its firsts: the first U.S. institution with a Royal Charter, the first Greek-letter society (Phi Beta Kappa, founded in 1776), the first student honor code, the first college to become a university and the first law school in America.

　　William & Mary became a state-supported school in 1906 and went coed in 1918. In 1928, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. chose the Wren as the first building to be returned to its 18th-century appearance as part of the iconic Colonial Williamsburg restoration.

　　威廉玛丽学院是美国第二古老的大学。最初的建校计划是在1618年，比哈佛还早了几十年，不过一次印第安起义将计划打乱了。这些都是事实。

　　1698年2月8日，英王威廉三世和玛丽女王二世签署特许，允许在弗吉尼亚殖民地成立一所永久性的涵盖神学、哲学、语言和其他文理学科的大学。威廉玛丽学院因此诞生。

　　工程最先从克里斯多佛·雷恩爵士楼(1695年更名为学院楼)开始。当时威廉斯堡小镇也还有出现。在后面的两个世纪里，克里斯多佛·雷恩爵士楼三次被焚毁，但每一次都在原来的楼墙内得到了重建。因此克里斯多佛·雷恩爵士楼是美国迄今犹存在最古老的学院楼，很可能也是遭遇火灾次数最多的学院楼。

　　威廉玛丽学院由于与美国一些开国元勋关系紧密，因此也被称作美国的母校。17岁的乔治华盛顿在这里拿到了他的测量员执照，并成了学校的首任校长。托马斯杰斐逊、约翰·泰勒和詹姆斯·门罗等美国总统也是在这里完成了本科教育。

　　威廉玛丽学院有许多第一，并以此著称。它是美国第一所获得皇家特许权的大学，是第一个以希腊字母为名称的协会即成立于1776年的美国大学优等生荣誉学会的诞生地。是最先指定学生荣誉规章的大学，是最先升为大学的高校，也是美国第一个法学院诞生地。

　　1906年，威廉玛丽学院得到州的支持，成为一所州立学府。1918年招生学生，成为男女同校的大学。1928年，作为殖民地威廉斯堡的一部分，John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 选择了克里斯多佛·雷恩爵士楼，让其恢复到18世纪的模样。

　　William & Mary 1618 - 1699

　　1618, November 18

　　The Virginia Company of London gave orders for the laying out of grounds for a university at Henrico, of which an Indian School was to be a branch, and endowed it with 10,000 acres of land. Henrico was on the north side of the James River, 12 miles below the present city of Richmond.

　　1619, May 26

　　Sir Edwin Sandys, treasurer of the Virginia Company, reported that £1,500 had been collected toward the proposed college, following authorization of King James I that each bishop in England makes a collection in his diocese for the purpose.

　　1619, July 31

　　The General Assembly of Virginia petitioned the Company to send workmen from England for "erecting the University and College."

　　1620, May 11

　　George Thorpe was appointed by the Virginia Company as the first deputy in charge of the College lands.

　　1622, March 22

　　An Indian uprising left 347 colonists dead. Thorpe was killed and Henrico annihilated. When the charter of the Virginia Company was revoked in 1624, Virginia became a royal colony and plans for the College were abandoned.

　　1661

　　The General Assembly passed an act authorizing the purchase of land for a college and free school, but no progress was made on the plan at the time.

　　1690

　　The clergy of the Church of England in Virginia adopted at a convention "Several Propositions" for founding a college to consist of three schools: grammar, philosophy and divinity. On July 25, 1690, Lieutenant Governor Francis Nicholson authorized several gentlemen to take subscriptions in Virginia for the proposed college, and on the same day the clergy issued an appeal for financial support to merchants in England who were trading in Virginia.

　　1691, May

　　The Reverend James Blair, commissary or representative in Virginia of the Bishop of London, was issued instructions by the General Assembly for the founding of a college, and was sent to England to present a request to the King and Queen to grant a charter for a college.

　　1693, February 8

　　King William III and Queen Mary II granted a charter to establish The College of William and Mary in Virginia. The King provided £1,985 14s l0d from quitrents in Virginia, a penny tax on every pound of tobacco exported from Maryland and Virginia to countries other than England, the "Profits" from the surveyor-general's office and 10,000 acres each in the Pamunkey Neck and on Blackwater Swamp. The Reverend James Blair was named president of the College and served until his death in 1743.

　　1618-1699年的威廉玛丽学院

　　1618年11月8日

　　伦敦弗吉尼亚公司计划在亨利科成立一所大学，设印第安分校，并为此捐赠一万英亩土地。亨利科位于詹姆斯河北岸，距离现在的里士满12英里。

　　1619年5月26日

　　根弗吉尼亚公司的财务主管埃德温·桑兹爵士报告，已为学院筹集了1千5百英镑资金。在此之前，英王詹姆斯一世已授权，让英格兰各主教在教区筹集资金。

　　1619年7月31日

　　弗吉尼亚州议会请求弗吉尼亚公司提供人力支援，从英格兰派遣工人到弗吉尼亚。

　　1620年5月11日

　　弗吉尼亚公司任命乔治索普为第一副总经理，负责学院的建筑工作。

　　1622年3月22日

　　印第安人起义，导致347位殖民者丧生。乔治索普被杀，亨利科被废止。1624年，弗吉尼亚公司的特许证被撤销，弗吉尼亚沦为皇家殖民地。成立学院的计划也被放弃。

　　1661年

　　州议会通过法案，准许为学院和自由学校购买土地，不过这个计划在当时没有取得进展。

　　1690年

　　英国教会在弗吉尼亚的牧师遵循了“多种对策”的传统做法，以成立涵盖语法、哲学和神学的三个学校。1690年7月25日，时任副总督的弗兰西斯尼克尔森批准了提案并向当地商人提出筹资需求。

　　1691年5月，时任伦敦大主教代表的詹姆斯·布莱尔牧师(Rev.James Blair 1656-1743)受命前往英国觐见威廉三世与玛丽二世，并提出希望获得宪章(charter)以建立大学的请求。

　　1693年2月8日

　　英王威廉三世和玛丽女王二世特许，在弗吉尼亚成立威廉玛丽学院。威廉三世从弗吉尼亚的免役税(quitrent)中列支了1885英镑14先令又10便士提供给大学建设。