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巧妙借助逻辑关系 攻克考研英语真题
考研英语,得阅读者得天下。既然阅读如此重要,我们该怎样备考呢?不少同学只是为做题而做题,殊不知阅读考察的并不是做题的量,而是做题的质。如果能吃透一篇文章,这带来的成果远比做十篇文章更有成效。所以大家务必利用好真题,吃透每一篇文章。本文就从逻辑这一层面,为大家解析2014年考研英语一阅读理解的第一篇文章。
21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to
[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.
[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.
[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.
[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.
从题干中,我们得知问题是:乔治·奥斯本计划的目的何在?显而易见,这是一个询问事件的目的的题目,回到原文,定位到关键信息:In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency" George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. 在这句话中,有一个关键的逻辑关系词in order to, 文中提到是为了让生活变得更好,并且减少人们的依赖性,乔治·奥斯本推行了“前期的工作寻找”计划。比对答案,B选项中的鼓励求职者积极寻找工作,正是reduce dependency的具体表现,故正确答案为B。A、C、D在文章中都没有提到,属于无中生有。
22. The phrase, "to sign on" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means
[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.
[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.
[C]to register for an allowance from the government.
[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.
从题干中,我们得知此题考查词组在文中的具体含义,这种题型的解题关键就是语境,根据上下文语义推断出考查词组的确切含义。具体来说,回到原文,找到出现该词组的位置,阅读前后句子,找出句子之间的逻辑关系。There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed. "We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." 阅读的时候需要重点理解指代词,这可以帮助我们理清一些逻辑关系,比如这里Those first few days是指什么呢?如果大家仔细的话,可以发现those first few days就是上一句话中的a seven-day wait。就是说,现在,失业者要等七天,才能够有资格申领求职者补助。接下来应该是具体说明为什么这样做。他(he,这里是指乔治·奥斯本)的理由是失业后最初的几天应该找工作(这是他所提倡的),而不是 X(X是他所抵制的)。我们知道,X应该与找工作相对,因为这里出现了一个Not,该题应该选择一个他所抵制的行为。A选项说去查看求职中心是否有工作岗位,这属于找工作,他所提倡的,故不对。[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.接受政府对补助的限制,这也属于找工作的前提条件,他所提倡的,故不选。[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.去参加工作培训项目,文章中没有提到培训,属于无中生有。只有[C]to register for an allowance from the government.向政府申请补助注册在案。这是他所抵制的,属于正确选项。
23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?
[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.
[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.
[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.
[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.
根据题干,我们可以得知:该题询问促使财务部长推行其政策的缘由。回到原文,定位到关键信息处:What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.这里有一个关键谓语动词motivate, 这个词表示刺激,使有动力,激发......积极性,表示因果的逻辑关系。此外,stimulate /prompt / activate等词也可以表示因果关系,正如题干中的prompt所示。正确答案应该和his zeal for "fundamental fairness"— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits相关,至少在趋势上保持一致,即维持公正。[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.渴望让所有人过得更好,没有提到。[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.文中是protecting the taxpayer,故错误。[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.generous文中没有提到,故错误。[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.符合原文,正确。
24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel
[A]uneasy
[B]enraged.
[C]insulted.
[D]guilty.
根据题干,该题询问失业让人们心情如何。回到原文,定位到关键信息处:Losing a job is hurting(令人伤心的). It is financially terrifying(令人恐惧的), psychologically embarrassing(令人为难的) and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. 故选 [A]uneasy,心神不安的。[B]enraged.愤怒的,[C]insulted.被侮辱的,[D]guilty,内疚的。一是程度太重,二是文章中均没有提到,错误。
根据以上两道考研英语阅读真题的剖析,我们可以发现,正确答案在文章中均有出处,虽然大多数情况下与原文相比用词不同,句式迥异,但其表述含义在趋势上与原文保持一致;而错误答案或是文章中没有提及的,或是与文章所述事实或观点相悖而行,或是虽然答案本身正确但是不符合题目要求,言不对题。大家在以后做题过程中要用心体会,并注意总结,这样才能在阅读上有所收获,有所提升。
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