The open secret of higher education is that private colleges competing for students often slash prices for families wealthy enough to pay full tuition.
高等教育中为人熟知的一点就是私立大学争相招入家庭富裕的学生，使其能够支付全额的学费。
Some dangle “merit aid” to lure academic stars. Others use discounts to ensure that they enroll enough affluent students to meet their revenue targets.
一些学校打着基于优秀的奖学金的口号吸引成绩优秀的学生，而另一些则用折扣来确保招收富裕的学生，以此来弥补财政收入。
Washington University in St. Louis provides grants unrelated to financial need or athletics to 14 percent of freshmen, a Washington Post analysis found. George Washington University gives them to 20 percent, and Tulane University to 37 percent. Those three are among dozens of prominent private schools that offer significant largesse to students without need.
圣路易斯华盛顿大学为14%的新生提供无偿奖学金，在《华盛顿邮报》的调查分析显示的。乔治华盛顿大学提供了20%，杜兰大学是37%。这三所学校是著名的为学生提供大量奖学金的私立学校。
But as prices climb past $60,000 a year at many private colleges, debate over student debt and subsidies for the affluent has led some schools to rethink how they dole out funds.
但是很多私立学校学费上涨到了60,000美元一年，关于学生贷款和救济的讨论在进行，也使得学校重新考虑他们的资金问题。
Franklin & Marshall College is a case in point. The liberal arts school here in Pennsylvania’s Amish region ended almost all merit aid a few years ago and expanded grants for those in need, launching a recruiting revolution that has drawn national attention.
富兰克林和马歇尔学院就是一个很好的例子，宾夕法尼亚大学的文科学院阿米西地区在多年前就已经取消了所有的优秀奖学金。然后对需要的学生扩大数量，发动了一场引起国家注意的招生改革。
The share of freshmen in high need soared, while the share who pay full price shrank. Test scores of incoming students held steady. This year the school cracked the top 40 in the U.S. News & World Report ranking of liberal arts colleges, rising to 37th.
有需要帮助的新生人数上涨，但是缴纳全额学费的学生减少了。有收入来源的学生保持不变。今年学校在《美国新闻周刊》和《世界报道排名》中，文科专业的排名冲进了前40名，到了37名。
People here avoid the word “merit” and its connotation of subsidies for the affluent. Instead, F&M President Daniel R. Porterfield talks of a “talent strategy” targeting students from all family incomes. Full charge for tuition, fees, room and board at the school is $60,799. Need-based aid, he said, “makes it possible for super-qualified kids to pursue the education they’ve earned.”
在这里人们避开“优秀”这个词以及它代表的内涵。F&M的主席Daniel R. Porterfield谈起一种绝妙的策略就是定位出学生的家庭收入。全额学费，杂费，食宿费总共是60,799美元。他还说，基于需求的奖学金提供给资质优秀的学生追求高等教育的资本。
Financial aid, like selective admissions, baffles college-bound students. Fears abound of stratospheric sticker prices at private colleges. Real prices, often far lower, are maddeningly hard to pin down.
财政救济，就像选拔的招生条件，迷惑住了想上大学的学生。同一层次的学生对私立大学的费用充满恐惧。真实的价格通常更低一些，非常难固定住。
Students wonder why some schools offer merit aid and others don’t, why their “expected family contribution” varies from place to place, and why some schools require them to take out large loans and others don’t.
学生们很奇怪为什么一些学生提供优秀奖学金但是另一些不提供，为什么每个地方的家庭财产证明各不一样，还有为什么一些学校要求他们大量借贷款，另一些却不会。
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