2015年考研英语二真题word版

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　　Section Ⅰ Use of English

　　Directions：

　　Read the following text。Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and

　　markA,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

　　In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even

　　looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree

　　by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.

　　It's a sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings --

　　because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.

　　But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the

　　4 : "Please don't approach me."

　　What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?

　　One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear

　　rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,". We fear

　　we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so

　　we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with

　　our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones.

　　"Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy

　　glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."

　　But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look

　　up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists

　　Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start

　　a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr.

　　Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15

　　how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16

　　would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes.

　　Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with

　　the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."

　　18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those

　　sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off

　　of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel

　　connected.

　　1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signall [D] record

　　2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much

　　3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought

　　4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign

　　5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from

　　6. [A] misinterprete [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched

　　7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed

　　8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungreatful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar

　　9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry

　　10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn

　　11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring

　　12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay

　　13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation

　　14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers

　　15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predictl [D] design

　　16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride

　　17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up

　　18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence

　　19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas

　　20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rare

　　Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,

　　B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

　　Text 1

　　A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more

　　stressed at home that at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is

　　stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it

　　higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

　　“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as

　　men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the

　　researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, shenotes, “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.”

　　Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and

　　without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the

　　home have better health.

　　What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when

　　they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the

　　office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women

　　who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work

　　outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the

　　blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in

　　making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more

　　stressed at home.

　　But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what

　　they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have

　　to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours

　　of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.

　　On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household

　　in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a

　　lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home

　　colleagues- your family- have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be

　　talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all

　　electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never

　　really get to go home from home.

　　So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the

　　tasks apparently infinite, the co- workers are much harder to motivate.

　　21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_______

　　[A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation

　　[B] generated more stress than the workplace

　　[C] was an ideal place for stress measurement

　　[D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace

　　22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?

　　[A] Working mothers

　　[B] Childless husbands

　　[C] Childless wives

　　[D] Working fathers

　　23. The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact thay_______

　　[A] they are both bread winners and housewives

　　[B] their home is also a place for kicking back

　　[C] there is often much housework left behind

　　[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office

　　24. The word “moola”(Line 4, Para 4) most probably means_______

　　[A] energy

　　[B] skills

　　[C] earnings

　　[D] nutrition

　　25. The home front differs from the workplace in that_______

　　[A] home is hardly a cozier working environment

　　[B] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut

　　[C] household tasks are generally more motivating

　　[D] family labor is often adequately rewarded

　　Text2

　　For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who

　　do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of

　　education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are

　　higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they

　　succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to

　　recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting firstgeneration

　　students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher

　　education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab

　　achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a

　　paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

　　But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this

　　problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost

　　program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors

　　as grades) between first-generation and other students.

　　The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are

　　based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an

　　unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent

　　with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent)

　　were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial

　　need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent

　　with a four-year degree.

　　Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was

　　based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in

　　potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face

　　most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this

　　is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

　　Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of

　　higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college

　　resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t

　　talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students.

　　Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can

　　affect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight

　　about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them

　　can improve.

　　26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______

　　[A] reduced their dropout rates

　　[B] narrowed the achievement gao

　　[C] missed its original purpose

　　[D] depressed college students

　　27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______

　　[A] the problem is solvable

　　[B] their approach is costless

　　[C] the recruiting rate has increased

　　[D] their finding appeal to students

　　28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______

　　[A] study at private universities

　　[B] are from single-parent families

　　[C] are in need of financial support

　　[D] have failed their collage

　　29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______

　　[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap

　　[B] can have a potential influence on other students

　　[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects

　　[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college

　　30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______

　　[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class

　　[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources

　　[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences

　　[D] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

　　Text3

　　Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten

　　much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,”

　　said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off

　　examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we

　　would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There

　　were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about

　　energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”

　　Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very

　　“team”-oriented—and not by coincidence. “Let’s not forget sports—in

　　male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly

　　conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this

　　together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most

　　think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”

　　These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana

　　points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of

　　terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations

　　and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said

　　Khurana.

　　This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated

　　amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the

　　1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t

　　have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a

　　buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and

　　capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if

　　your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if

　　that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.

　　But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but

　　managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it.

　　As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time

　　that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life

　　and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your

　　work—and how your work defines who you are.

　　31. According to Nancy Koehn,office language has become_____

　　[A] more emotional

　　[B] more objective

　　[C] less energetic

　　[D] less strategic

　　32. “team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______

　　[A] historical incidents

　　[B] gender difference

　　[C] sports culture

　　[D] athletic executives

　　33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______

　　[A] revive historical terms

　　[B] promote company image

　　[C] foster corporate cooperation

　　[D] strengthen employee loyalty

　　34.It can be inferred that Lean In________

　　[A] voices for working women

　　[B] appeals to passionate workaholics

　　[C] triggers dcbates among mommies

　　[D] praises motivated employees

　　35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?

　　[A] Managers admire it but avoid it

　　[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense

　　[C] Companies find it to be fundamental

　　[D] Regular people mock it but accept it

　　Text 4

　　Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for

　　June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news.

　　And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent

　　pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we

　　are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.

　　However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely

　　overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily

　　working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.

　　Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an

　　important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time

　　jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in

　　involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary

　　part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by

　　640,000(7.9 percent) from its year ago level.

　　We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment

　　because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if

　　they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes,” they

　　are classified as working part-time. They survey then asks whether they worked less

　　than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or

　　because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers

　　if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.

　　The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main

　　purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many

　　people, especially those with serious health conditions of family members with

　　serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was

　　through a job that provided health insurance.

　　However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get

　　insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may

　　previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order

　　to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link

　　between employment and insurance.

　　36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?

　　A. The prospect of a thriving job market.

　　B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.

　　C. The possibility of full employment.

　　D. The acceleration of job creation.

　　37. Many people work part-time because they

　　A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs

　　B. feel that is enough to make ends meet

　　C. cannot get their hands on full-time jobs

　　D. haven’t seen the weakness of the market

　　38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US

　　A. is harder to acquire than one year ago

　　B. shows a general tendency of decline

　　C. satisfies the real need of the jobless

　　D. is lower than before the recession

　　39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, __________.

　　A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance

　　B. employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance

　　C. it is still challenging to get insurance for family members

　　D. full-time employment is still essential for insurance.

　　40. The text mainly discusses____________.

　　A. employment in the US

　　B. part-timer classification

　　C. insurance through Medicaid

　　D. Obamacare’s trouble

　　Section III Translation

　　46. Directions:

　　Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on

　　ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

　　Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work,

　　a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like

　　the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual

　　driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you

　　perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.

　　This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes

　　to travel a familiar route.

　　The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a

　　well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to

　　flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t

　　remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we

　　assume it was shorter.

　　Part A

　　47. Directions:

　　Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students.

　　Write a notice

　　(1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and

　　(2) call for volunteers

　　You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　Do not use your name or the name of your university.

　　Do not write your address.

　　Part B

　　48. Directions:

　　Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, your should

　　(1) interpret the chart,and

　　(2) give your comment.

　　You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET