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Passage 5
Directions：You are going to read a list of headings and a about business school and MBA(Master of Business Administration) education. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the are not numbered. There are two extra headings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)
MBA program boom in South Africa
Current assessment of MBA programs
Views on the rankings of MBA programs
Abundance of MBA programs worldwide
Rankings are misleading
Variation in MBA courses
Prominence as a factor in assessment
Choosing an MBA program
Business school enrollment has jumped in the past few years as increasing numbers of students seek careers in the world. The rising demand has encouraged intense competition and growth among business programs.
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Students find deciding on an MBA program to be a daunting task. This is in part due to the proliferation of options. There are now more than 1,000MBA programs in the United States, 700 in Europe---including over 300 in Britain--- and some 525 in the rest of the world, with the greatest concentration in the Asia-Pacific region. The boom has recently hit South Africa as well, where ten years ago, the nation offered half a dozen programs. Now more than 40 are provided, most by foreign business schools. In some respects, the schools differ little--- 75percent of them are general management programs. But the options remain, with full-time programs accounting for only 42 percent of the total, the rest being part-time, modular and distance learning.
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Some full-time programs are delivered through evening-only lectures, and some modular programs are full-time because of so much project work. More than 90 percent of the programs are in English, the others being offered in 23 languages with Spanish the most common. Many programs---especially the executive ones---require years of experience before admission. Yet “executive” can also define a part-time, accelerated program. The potential student---prepared to spend around﹩15,000 per year--- faces a bewildering array of products, often described in inconsistent terminology but with no essential difference in instruction.
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Business schools, with a few notable exceptions, have not clearly explained their assessment comparison criteria. They argue that an MBA is an MBA, differing only in the name and cost of the issuing school. In order to help the layman, newspapers have often stepped in to shed light on this confusion, judging schools and programs, and providing rankings.
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Applicants prefer rankings, but the school for them most part do not. European schools, in particular, argue that rankings are misleading as they may use a narrow range of often-inappropriate measures which fail to reveal the true competence of unique programs. Several schools have contested and boycotted league tables. Nevertheless, the number of business schools which participate in rankings is actually growing, in part because rankings tell potential customers what they need to know. Since business schools must market to applicants as if they were consumers, most take rankings seriously.
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A ranking is just one factor that underpins the success of schools and MBA programs. The programs must not only rank highly, they must also be known. Schools want their programs---and graduates want their degrees ---to receive instant recognition and respect. Until recently, prominence has been largely overlooked in the assessment of MBA programs, but the Internet now provides another channel of communication and reputation for schools and their market.
The MBA is the principal product in the most market-oriented sector of higher education. Given the globalization of business, increased communication, and the ability to deliver content to individuals wherever they are, the complexity and competitiveness of this pioneering educational marketplace can only increase.
Passage 6
Directions：You are going to read a list of headings and a about U.S. firms participating global competition. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the are not numbered. There are two extra headings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)
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