2014考研英语全真模拟押题及答案解析（三）

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　　全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)全真冲刺试卷 Ⅲ

　　Simulated National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates

　　考生注意事项

　　1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。

　　2. 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。

　　3. 答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。

　　(1) 英语知识运用、阅读理解A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡1上。填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。

　　(2) 阅读理解部分C节的答案和作文必须用(蓝)黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡2上作答。字迹要清楚。

　　4. 考试结束，将答题卡1、答题卡2及试题一并装入试题袋中交回。

　　考试时间

　　满分180分钟100分得分

　　Section ⅠUse of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money. He may 1 the repayment of the money at any time, either 2 cash or by drawing a check in favor of another person. 3, the banker-customer relationship is that of debtor and creditor who is 4 depending on whether the customer's account is 5 credit or is overdrawn. But, in 6 to that basically simple concept, the bank and its customer 7 a large number of obligations to one another. Many of these obligations can give 8 to problems and complications but a bank customer, unlike, say, a buyer of goods, cannot complain that the law is 9 against him.

　　The bank must 10 its customer's instructions, and not those of anyone else. 11, for example, a customer opens an account, he instructs the bank to debit his account only in 12 of checks drawn by himself. He gives the bank 13 of his signature, and there is a very firm rule that the bank has no right or 14 to pay out a customer's money 15 a check on which its customer's signature has been 16. It makes no difference that the forgery may have been a very 17 one: the bank must recognize its customer's signature. For this reason there is no 18 to the customer in the practice, 19 by banks, of printing the customer's name on his checks. If this 20 forgery, it is the bank that will lose, not the customer. (254 words)

　　1. [A] acquire[B] deposit [C] demand[D] derive

　　2. [A] for [B] through [C] as[D] in

　　3. [A] However[B] Primarily[C] Moreover [D] Presumably

　　4. [A] which[B] what[C] how[D] that

　　5. [A] on [B] with [C] in [D] for

　　6. [A] support[B] contrast[C] regard[D] addition

　　7. [A] owe[B] commit[C] attribute[D] embark

　　8. [A] purpose[B] rise[C] priority[D] thought

　　9. [A] loaded[B] offended[C] discriminated[D] directed

　　10. [A] conform[B] comply[C] obey[D] abide

　　11. [A] Unless[B] Although[C] Since[D] When

　　12. [A] respect[B] charge[C] line[D] place

　　13. [A] specifics[B] signs[C] symbols[D] specimens

　　14. [A] reputation[B] prestige[C] authority[D] impact

　　15. [A] by[B] on[C] with[D] for

　　16. [A] printed[B] confirmed [C] forged[D] justified

　　17. [A] delicate[B] skillful[C] unusual[D] unique

　　18. [A] risk[B] guarantee[C] fault[D] benefit

　　19. [A] engaged [B] intended[C] adapted[D] adopted

　　20. [A] contributes[B] facilitates[C] results[D] leads

　　Section ⅡReading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　When Dr. John W. Gofman, professor of medical physics at the University of California and a leading nuclear critic, speaks of “ecocide” in his adversary view of nuclear technology, he means the following: A large nuclear plant like that in Kalkar,the Netherlands, would produce about 200 pounds of plutonium each year. One pound, released into the atmosphere, could cause 9 billion cases of lung cancer. This waste product must be stored for 500,000 years before it is of no further danger to man. In the anticipated reactor economy, it is estimated that there will be 10,000 tons of this material in Western Europe, of which one table-spoonful of plutonium-239 represents the official maximum permissible body burden for 200,000 people. Rather than being biodegradable, plutonium destroys biological properties.

　　In 1972 the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration ruled that the asbestos level in the work place should be lowered to 2 fibers per cubic centimeter of air, but the effective date of the ruling has been delayed until now. The International Federation of Chemical and General Workers' union  s report that the 2-fiber standard was based primarily on one study of 290 men at a British asbestos factory. But when the workers at the British factory had been reexamined by another physician, 40—70 percent had X'ray evidence of lung abnormalities. According to present medical information at the factory in question, out of a total of 29 deaths thus far, seven were caused by lung cancer. An average European or American worker comes into contact with six million fibers a day. “We are now, in fact, finding cancer deaths within the family of the asbestos worker,” states Dr. Irving Selikoff, of the Mount Sinai Medical School in New York.

　　It is now also clear that vinyl chloride, a gas from which the most widely used plastics are made, causes a fatal cancer of the blood-vessel cells of the liver. However, the history of the research on vinyl chloride is, in some ways, more disturbing than the “Watergate cover-up.” “There has been evidence of potentially serious disease among polyvinyl chloride workers for 25 years that has been incompletely appreciated and inadequately approached by medical scientists and by regulatory authorities,” summed up Dr. Selikoff in the New Scientist. At least 17 workers have been killed by vinyl chloride because research over the past 25 years was not followed up. And for over 10 years, workers have been exposed to concentrations of vinyl chloride 10 times the “safe limit” imposed by Dow Chemical Company. (422 words)

　　Notes: plutonium 钚。asbestos 石棉。polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯。

　　21. By “ecocide” the author most probably means

　　[A] waste utilization.

　　[B] ecological balance.

　　[C] radioactive reaction.

　　[D] massive bio-destruction.

　　22. According to the text, the author mentions plutonium in paragraph 1 to

　　[A] estimate the amount of nuclear material in Europe.

　　[B] exemplify one of the possible causes of lung cancer.

　　[C] highlight the measures needed to prevent lung cancer.

　　[D] show the destructive properties of industrial waste materials.

　　23. The style of the second paragraph is mainly

　　[A] factual.

　　[B] sarcastic.

　　[C] emotional.

　　[D] argumentative.

　　24. According to paragraph 3, some workers have been killed by harmful pollutants in that

　　[A] production could not be halted.

　　[B] they failed to take safety measures.

　　[C] research was not pursued to a solution.

　　[D] safety equipment was not adequately provided.

　　25. It can be inferred from the text that the author believes that

　　[A] nationwide application of anti-pollution devices can finally prevent cancer.

　　[B] tough legislation is needed to set lower limits of worker exposure to harmful chemicals.

　　[C] more research is required into the causes of cancer before further progress can be made.

　　[D] industrialization must be slowed down to prevent further spread of cancercausing agents.

　　Text2

　　The topic of cloning has been a politically and ethically controversial one since its very beginning. While the moral and philosophical aspects of the issues are entirely up to the interpretation of the individual, the application of cloning technology can be studied objectively. Many in the scientific community advocate the use of cloning for the preservation and support of endangered species of animals, which aside from cloning, have no other practical hope for avoiding extinction.

　　The goal of the use of cloning to avoid extinction is the reintroduction of new genes into the gene pool of species with few survivors, ensuring the maintenance and expansion of genetic diversity. Likely candidates for this technique are species known to have very few surviving members, such as the African Bongo Antelope, the Sumatran Tiger, and the Chinese Giant Panda. In the case of Giant Panda, some artificial techniques for creating offspring have already been performed, perhaps paving the way for cloning as the next step in the process.

　　With the estimated population of only about 1000 Giant Pandas left in the world, the urgency of the situation has led to desperate measures. One panda was born through the technique of artificial insemination in the San Diego Zoo in the United States. “Hua Mei” was born in 1999 after her parents, Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling, had trouble conceiving naturally.

　　The plan to increase the Giant Panda population through the use of cloning involves the use of a species related to the Giant Panda, the American Black Bear. Egg cells will be removed from female black bears and then fertilized with Panda cells such as those from Ling-Ling or Hsing-Hsing. The fertilized embryo will then re-implanted into the black bear, where it will grow and mature, until a new panda is delivered from the black bear host.

　　Critics of cloning technology argue that the emphasis on cloning as a method by which to preserve species will draw funding away from other methods, such as habitat preservation and conservation. Proponents of cloning counter that many countries in which many endangered species exist are too poor to protect and maintain the species' habitats anyway, making cloning technology the only practical way to ensure that those species survive to future generations. The issue is still hotly debated, as both sides weigh the benefits that could be achieved against the risks and ethical concerns that constantly accompany any argument on the issue. (402 words)