提起写作，很多同学都非常头疼，不知道从何入手，如何才能写出高水平的文章。其实要想真正提高写作水平，同学们从现在就要注重日常积累，不要考前临时抱佛脚。在目前暑期阶段的复习中，一定自己要动手写，基础较差的同学尤其要加强日常的写作练习，相信一点一滴的积累会造就水滴石穿的奇迹。
考研作文中的“逗号十二剑法”
句型结构单一呆板、缺乏变化和弹性，恐怕是考研作文中很多考生所犯的共同毛病。优秀作文除了结构缜密、文采斐然、条理分明、措辞精当、衔接紧凑之外，还特别注重句子结构的变化。
逗号是英语写作中一个非常重要的标点符号，它不仅表示语气的停顿，还具有连贯衔接和修辞等功能。逗号也是写作中打造丰富多变句型的突破口。正是高度关注逗号在句与句，词与词，逗号前后部分的连贯衔接功能，我们才别具新意地提出考研作文的“逗号十二剑法”的概念。
所谓逗号十二剑法，指的就是分句之间的如何衔接与连贯问题。句式的复杂多变要求一篇作文中既要有简单句、并列句又要有复合句甚至复杂复合句。要构造句子结构的复杂多变就必须讲究分句之间的衔接与连贯问题。逗号十二剑法实质就是逗号后(前)分句间衔接与连贯的十二种技巧。为形象起见，美其名曰“逗号十二剑法”。
本章将结合大量的典型例句，详细介绍考研作文中的“逗号十二剑法”，以期全面快速解决考生写作时句型缺乏变化意识，写作时句型“难产”的尴尬境况。
第一剑法：非限制性定语从句的使用。
例如：
1. Nowadays, the call for quality-oriented education is becoming widespread and the drawbacks of test-oriented education, which have aroused great concern throughout China, are becoming increasingly apparent.
2. The sharp contrast hinges on the protection of the green house, which determines in a large measure the life and death of the lovely flower.
3. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
4. I’m off to St.James Park, where I have to give a lecture on the theatre.
逗号前后是我们写作时构造复杂多变、精彩生动句子结构的突破口。上述三例中我们合理巧妙地运用了非限制性定语从句，使前后两个分句有机地连接起来，
显得连贯、自然。例1用关系代词which(非限制性定语从句不能用that)代替逗号前整个分句的意思。这样就把原本要用两个句子来表达的信息通过定语从句压缩为一个主从复合句，显得简洁、不罗嗦。例2用关系代词which代替逗号前先行词the green house，通过非限制性定语从句进一步说明温室对于鲜花存活的重要性。例3中逗号前先行词是表时间，因此用关系代词when引导非限制性定语从句，将主要信息移置逗号之后，取得“尾重”或“末尾聚焦(end-weight)”的效果。例4中先行词表示地点，用关系副词引导。其实考生们对于非限制性定语从句的用法不可谓不熟，但可能就是缺乏用多种手段衔接分句的意识。
第二剑法：非谓语动词做状语的使用。
例如：
1.By contrast, when removed from the green house, the protective umbrella, it struggles helplessly against the sudden attack of storms, only to wither away.
2.Parents are too eager to mold their kids, disregarding their individuality with a callous attitude toward their personal development.
3.School-age children are often seen carrying bulging bags on their backs, weighed down on their way to and from school every day.
非谓语动词有四种表现形式，即动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。利用这几种非谓语动词形式(动名词不能做状语除外)做状语，能很好地突出信息，取得信息“末尾聚焦(end-weight)”的效果。例1用only加动词不定式表示出乎意料的结果，做结果状语。从而将被受溺爱的孩子们不更世事、不堪一击的惨状和盘托出。例2用现在分词做结果状语，表示一种必然的发展趋势，即结果在意料之中。例3用过去分词做伴随状语，将饱受应试教育摧残的学龄儿童那苦不堪言的情形栩栩如生地勾勒了出来，辛辣的嘲讽宛然可见。当然这几种非谓语动词形式也可放在逗号前面一分句或句子中间，如：
4. Weighing both these arguments, I can come to the conclusion that there is no need to take so drastic a step as doing away with this custom. (现在分词做时间状语)
5. An old peasant, bringing his own food, volunteered as a guild for us.(现在分词做伴随状语)
非谓语动词做状语到底放在前还是后似乎没有绝对的要求。但一般来说，做伴随状语时可前可后;做原因状语时放在前面较多，间或放在后面;做时间状语时一般放在句子前部;做结果状语时一般放在后半分句;做条件状语时一般放在前面分句，等等。
第三剑法：同位语或插入语的使用。
例如：
1. As is distinct from above, the number “13”, a long-held symbol of ominousness in the eyes of most westerners, seems to be plaguing them.
2. By contrast, when removed from the green house, the protective umbrella, it struggles helplessly against the sudden attack of storms, only to wither away.
3. Specifically, the number “6”, as they strongly believe, is closely associated with smoothness in the Chinese culture.
同位语或插入语一般插在主谓语之间，一般由名词词组(如例1、2)、介词词组(如in my opinion, in other words等)、从句(如例3)、不定式短语、现在分词短语充当。它们能起到补充说明的作用。除此之外，插入语还可对整句话表示解释，如：
4. There were twenty people present, to be precise.(不定式短语做插入语)
5. Roughly speaking, these countries are the most densely-populated in Asia.(现在分词短语做插入语)
第四剑法：With结构的使用。
例如：
1.We now live in a society where competition in the job market rages, with graduates and job-hunters from all walks of life scrambling for desirable jobs.
2.As described in the picture, an American girl is wearing a Chinese costume characteristic of some minority group, with a sweet smile on her face.
3.These children can set their hearts at ease, with everything well- arranged by their parents.
4.With education on all sides being enforced, our young college students will grow up to be qualified not only in their fields but, more importantly, in moral cultivation.
5. He entered upon the new enterprise cautiously, with his eyes wide open.
With结构总的说来有五种形式，即：With+名(代)词+现在分词(如例1、4)，With+名(代)词+过去分词(如例3)，With+名(代)词+介词短语(如例2)，With+名(代)词+副词或形容词(如例5)，With+名(代)词+不定式。With结构可表原因(如例1、3)、伴随或方式(如例2、5)、条件(如例4)等
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