福布斯将研究型大学和文理学院放在一起进行排名。前50的院校中,包含26个综合性大学和24个文理学院;前10的院校中,包含6个综合性大学和4个文理学院。而前50中,公立学校仅占9席。而且西岸大学慢慢超越东北部大学、文理学院竞争力加强。
福布斯排名将视角聚焦在了投资回报率 Return of Investment 上,“值不值”的问题。主要根据以下因素,对全美660所大学进行排名:
学生满意度:25%
毕业生成就(收入、影响力等方面):32.5%
学生债务:25%毕业率:7.5%
学术成就比重:10%
我们看到毕业生成就占了很大的比重。根据福布斯官方消息,本次排名主要呈现了三个趋势:
1.The emerging clout-flip from the Northeast Establishment to new guard West Coast schools
西海岸学校崛起。众所周知美国东北部是教育重地,一些老牌名校比如哈佛、耶鲁、普林斯顿等都坐落于此。
但随着西海岸硅谷的崛起,西岸的学校排名迅速崛起。当年前加州州长、铁路大亨利兰·斯坦福和他的妻子在拜访了各大学校长、听取了他们的建议后,决定捐款建一所大学、一座博物馆。经过6年的建设,1891年斯坦福大学正式开学,第一年共有555名学生以及15名教职员。经过一百多年的岁月流淌,斯坦福大学早已成为首屈一指的名校,被称为“西岸的哈佛大学”,并在硅谷创立和繁荣至今起着举足轻重的作用。
2.The contest between small student-centric liberal arts colleges and juggernaut STEM-oriented research universities
小型文理学院和以STEM教育为导向的综合大学之间的竞争激烈。今年前10的院校中,包含6个综合性大学和4个文理学院。
对于我们中国人来说,大都只知道综合性大学和理工学院(institute),这些和中国的大学相似,通常是大型的,拥有几万学生。大学里除了有本科的院系之外,也设有各个研究院和商学院等职业性学院。该类大学是以培养研究人才为目的的高等教育机构,设有硕士、博士课程等研究生类课程。
文理学院Liberal Arts College是相对于具体的职业教育而言的,其目标不在于教会学生某些具体的谋生的技能,而是从多方面对学生进行教育,使其成为一个高素质,有教养的文化人。文理学院往往代表着经典、小规模、高质量的本科教育。许多文理学院的学术声誉往往不亚于哈佛耶鲁等名校,因而成为很多美国贵族教育子女的首选。例如,我们耳熟能详的宋氏三姐妹、美国前国务卿奥尔布赖特、美国华人劳工部长赵晓岚、美国前总统肯尼迪的夫人杰奎琳都毕业于美国的文理学院。
根据美国新闻周刊的统计,美国的著名文理学院,例如Williams College,Wellesley College的毕业生就读研究生的比例在美国甚至高于哈佛耶鲁这样的名校。
3.The disproportionately high number of old, private schools as the best return on investment
老牌私立学校有着较高的投资回报率(94%以上),排名前25的学校,有11所投资回报率为98%,MIT和芝加哥大学的投资回报率高达99%。
福布斯2016年美国最佳大学排名TOP50
| Rank | Name | State | Cost | Total Student Population | 
| #1 | Stanford University | California | $64,477 | 16,963 | 
| #2 | Williams College | Massachusetts | $66,240 | 2,126 | 
| #3 | Princeton University | New Jersey | $61,160 | 8,088 | 
| #4 | Harvard University | Massachusetts | $64,400 | 28,791 | 
| #5 | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Massachusetts | $63,250 | 11,319 | 
| #6 | Yale University | Connecticut | $66,445 | 12,336 | 
| #7 | Pomona College | California | $64,870 | 1,650 | 
| #8 | Brown University | Rhode Island | $65,380 | 9,181 | 
| #9 | Wesleyan University | Connecticut | $65,443 | 3,224 | 
| #10 | Swarthmore College | Pennsylvania | $64,363 | 1,542 | 
| #11 | University of Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania | $66,800 | 24,806 | 
| #12 | Amherst College | Massachusetts | $66,572 | 1,792 | 
| #13 | University of Notre Dame | Indiana | $64,775 | 12,179 | 
| #14 | United States Military Academy | New York | $0 | 4,414 | 
| #15 | Northwestern University | Illinois | $68,060 | 21,554 | 
| #16 | Columbia University | New York | $69,084 | 27,589 | 
| #17 | Dartmouth College | New Hampshire | $67,044 | 6,298 | 
| #18 | Tufts University | Massachusetts | $65,900 | 10,907 | 
| #19 | Bowdoin College | Maine | $63,440 | 1,805 | 
| #20 | University of Chicago | Illinois | $70,100 | 15,097 | 
| #21 | Georgetown University | District of Columbia | $66,971 | 17,858 | 
| #22 | Boston College | Massachusetts | $65,620 | 14,317 | 
| #23 | Haverford College | Pennsylvania | $66,648 | 1,194 | 
| #24 | United States Naval Academy | Maryland | $0 | 4,511 | 
| #25 | Davidson College | North Carolina | $62,894 | 1,770 | 
| #26 | Duke University | North Carolina | $66,739 | 15,856 | 
| #27 | Carleton College | Minnesota | $64,420 | 2,057 | 
| #28 | Washington and Lee University | Virginia | $61,235 | 2,264 | 
| #29 | Cornell University | New York | $65,494 | 21,679 | 
| #30 | Rice University | Texas | $58,253 | 6,621 | 
| #31 | Claremont McKenna College | California | $66,325 | 1,324 | 
| #32 | Wellesley College | Massachusetts | $63,390 | 2,323 | 
| #33 | Vassar College | New York | $65,480 | 2,421 | 
| #34 | Middlebury College | Vermont | $63,456 | 2,533 | 
| #35 | United States Air Force Academy | Colorado | $0 | 3,952 | 
| #36 | University of Virginia | Virginia | $58,745 | 23,732 | 
| #37 | Barnard College | New York | $65,261 | 2,573 | 
| #38 | College of William & Mary | Virginia | $55,330 | 8,437 | 
| #39 | California Institute of Technology | California | $63,471 | 2,209 | 
| #40 | University of California, Berkeley | California | $59,963 | 37,565 | 
| #41 | Colby College | Maine | $63,330 | 1,847 | 
| #42 | Colgate University | New York | $64,800 | 2,888 | 
| #43 | Oberlin College | Ohio | $66,870 | 2,978 | 
| #44 | University of Michigan | Michigan | $57,432 | 43,625 | 
| #45 | Vanderbilt University | Tennessee | $63,532 | 12,686 | 
| #46 | University of California, Los Angeles | California | $58,099 | 41,845 | 
| #47 | University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill | North Carolina | $49,431 | 29,135 | 
| #48 | Kenyon College | Ohio | $64,360 | 1,662 | 
| #49 | Bucknell University | Pennsylvania | $65,268 | 3,624 | 
| #50 | Hamilton College | New York | $63,870 | 1,904 | 
