托福阅读结构分析

　　“托福阅读可能遇到的结构复杂的难句分析”由留学群托福考试栏目为您提供，托福阅读长难句一直都是考生们的心头一患，但是担心也没用，每日练习才是王道，童鞋们抓紧时间去学习吧!

　　As Patrick Kirch, an American anthropologist, points out, rather than being brought by rafting South Americans, sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America. (39, tpo5)

　　anthropologist /ænθrə'pɒlədʒɪst/ n. 人类学家

　　rather than prep. 而不是

　　raft /rɑːft/ n. 筏 v. 用筏子载运(人或货物)

　　navigator /'nævɪgeɪtə/ n. 航行者，航海者;领航员，导航员;导航仪

　　As Patrick Kirch, (an American anthropologist), points out, (rather than being brought by rafting South Americans), sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back (by returning Polynesian navigators) (who could have reached the west coast of South America. )

　　分析：

　　修饰一：(an American anthropologist)，同位语，修饰Patrick Kirch

　　中文：美国人类学家

　　修饰二：(rather than being brought byrafting South Americans)，介词短语，rather than是托福阅读里一个高频短语啊，大家记住它是一个介词，表示“而不是”

　　中文：不是南美人用筏运来的

　　修饰三：(by returning Polynesiannavigators)，介词短语，修饰bringback

　　中文：玻利尼西亚返航者

　　修饰四：(who could have reached the westcoast of South America. ) ，从句，修饰navigators

　　中文：已经去过南美西海岸

　　主干：sweetpotatoes might just have easily been brought back

　　参考翻译：

　　正如美国人类学家Patrick Kirch所指出的，甘薯并不是南美人用筏运来的，而是通过已经去过南美西海岸的玻利尼西亚返航者很方便就带来了。

　　这个...

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　　1.解剖文章的第1段

　　积极主动地解读文章的第1段，阅读时尽量记住作者提出的问题(现象或观点)，和一些关于文章内容的概念和词汇，如这篇文章讲的是生物化学，日本企业文化还是黑人运动。文章的论题是什么，作者想说什么?

　　2.在脑子里面形成一个作者思路图

　　在脑子里或者在草稿纸上画一个文章的结构思路题。各个段落的目的是什么，主题又是什么?再次提醒，考察的是你的答题能力而非阅读能力。你不必完全掌握整篇文章，了解文章中的每一个细节(其实，你也没有那么多时间)。相反，你应该只读文章段落的第1句，而快速浏览其余部分。当你“读”完这篇文章时，你就能对文章的结构思路有总体的把握。

　　3.通览文章时，留意语气词和过渡词

　　在快速阅读文章时，特别留意段落开头或者结尾可能出现的语气词和过渡词。这样做有助于你对作者思路的把握，从而快速掌握文章大意。

　　4.停下来，总结一下文章大意

　　在回答问题前，花几秒钟总结一下文章的思路和主题。

　　5.开始答题

　　根据你对文章的整体思路来答题。将问题(或选项)定位到文章中具体的某个段落甚至具体的句子。这里，你可以比第3个步骤更仔细。

　　新GRE阅读理解考试更加注重学生实际运用语言的能力和逻辑思维能力的考察，所以备考GRE阅读的考生平时训练时要针对所掌握的知识点总结和积累，实现GRE阅读理解高分突破，不要盲目追求数量。

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　　GRE阅读 遇到难题怎么办

　　在新GRE考试中的做题技巧大公开

　　阅读是雅思考试中非常重要的部分，很多考生阅读成绩不是很理想，在这方面考生们既要加强自己的词汇量和语法知识，同时也要掌握一定的技巧规律。留学群雅思栏目为大家带来“雅思阅读句子结构分析”，希望大家能有所收获!

　　雅思阅读中五大句子结构的讲解主要从句型特点、例句讲解两个方面给大家分享了如何从雅思阅读中的长难句中提取出五种基本句型结构，也就是主干信息的方法，希望对大家雅思考试阅读练习有帮助。

　　一、主语+谓语(S+V)：

　　这类句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语都能表达完整的意思。谓语动词是不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

　　例如：An accident that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming quite congested. (剑8 Test 1Passage 2 )

　　句子结构分析：这句话的主干是An accident resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)。主谓结构式An accident resulted，后面跟得是介词短语。That引导定语从句修饰An accident，to regulate and oversee…表示目的，which引导非限制性定语从句修饰the operation of aircraft。

　　二、主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+DO)：

　　这类句子的谓语都是实意动词，也都是及物动词，表示主语发生的动作，但是后面必须跟一个宾语，也就是动作的承受者，才能表达完整的意思。

　　例如：They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet's revolution around the sun.

　　(剑8 Test 1Passage 1 )

　　句子结构分析：这句话的主语是They，谓语是based，宾语是their calendars，后面是on引导的介词短语。冒号后面的三个并列结构：the solar day, the lunar month and the solar ye...

　　1、 长成分

　　1)、长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分

　　a、 主语从句

　　b、 宾语从句

　　2)、长状语

　　3)、层层修饰

　　4)、并列成分

　　2、 常见倒装搭配

　　(1)、及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A

　　例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.

　　类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等

　　(2)、及物动词加副词

　　例：make possible …(单词或者句子)

　　3、 省略的几种情况

　　(1)、重复的成分

　　(2)、让步转折的省略：如although (but)

　　(3)、定语从句引导词的省略which(that )

　　(4)、定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语

　　如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth

　　4、 短语被分割：如：

such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B

　　5、 多重否定：如：

　　Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .

　　Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city， the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter， open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy， with an attendant rise in social disorder， and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. “The cities predicted the future，” wrote historian Gary. B. Nash， “even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe， the Middle East and China.”

　　Except for Boston， whose population stabilized at about 16，000 in 1760， cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775， more than 200，000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year， and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philad...