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2020考研英语:翻译的多种解析
直译,既忠于原文意思又保留原文形式的翻译;意译,不受原文词语的限制,不拘泥于原文句子的结构,用不同于原文的表达方式,把原文意思表达出来。在考研英语翻译中,我们应遵循的方法是:尽量采用直译,不能直译才采用意译,必要时直译与意译相结合。
(1) 能直译就直译
Eg. …the managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing members of bigger, longer frames. (2008年)
翻译:俱乐部的经理们也非常乐意调整队服的尺寸,以适应不断增多的、越来越大越来越高的身躯。
(2) 不宜直译才意译
Eg. It was the banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets.
翻译:银行们脱离了轨道,它们的账目将资产评估过高。(2010年)
(3) 直译与意译相结合
Eg. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. The world won't end if you don't pass a test. So don't worry excessively about a single test.
翻译:考试的目的在于显示你对某一科目的掌握程度。一次考试不及格天是不会塌下来的。因此不必为一次考试过分担心。
【直击】
He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticingthings which easily escape attention, and observing them carefully." (2008.49)
【结构分析】
翻译时,大家还是要先弄懂句子结构,该句中he指代上文中的"Darwin,达尔文",that引导宾语从句,从句中"in noticing…observing them carefully"在从句中作状语,翻译时要提前,而且其中which引导的定从又来修饰其前的things。此外,大家还要理解句中部分单词和短语的释义,"superior to"意为"优于、胜于;地位高于;包括范围广于","common"意为"普通的、日常的","run"意为"种族",则"the common run of men"译为"普通人、常人"。这样我们基本上可以用直译法把句意传达出来,但定语从句"which easily escape attention"若直译为"容易逃脱注意力",则不符合汉语的表达习惯,句意表达比较别扭,故宜采用意译法,译为"人们容...