1.What is aerospace engineering?
Aerospace engineering is largely the design, construction and maintenance of aircraft, spacecraft, missiles and weapons systems. Main focuses can include flight safety, fuel efficiency, operating costs and environmental impact.
Aerospace engineers may have a choice between the research and development, testing or maintenance side of the profession. They are often tasked with calculating project costs and timescales, writing manuals and upgrading and developing new technologies.
They are now also likely to learn how to use computer-aided design software for plans. Experienced aerospace engineers may investigate air crashes and the malfunctioning of parts.
Students of aerospace engineering apply concepts which can encompass maths, science and technology to the creation of aircraft and accompanying equipment. Specialisms include aerodynamics, avionics, propulsion and systems integration.
A skills shortage has led to considerable government investment in the subject since the turn of the millennium, and the number of aerospace engineering jobs is projected to rise further.
1.什么是航空航天工程?
航空航天工程主要是关于飞机、宇宙飞船、导弹和武器系统的设计、制造和维修。主要的方面包括飞行安全、燃油效率、生产费用和环境影响。
航空航天工程师可以在研究与开发、测试和维修之间进行选择。他们通常需要计算项目成本和时间量程，写作说明书，升级和开发新技术。
目前，航空航天工程师也学习如何用计算机设计软件指定方案。富有经验的航空航天工程师可能还会调查飞机失事和零件故障。
为了制造飞机及附属设备，航空航天工程专业的学生需要用到数学、科学和技术等学科的概念。专门的研究包括空气动力学、航空电子学、推进力和系统集成。
自新世纪以来，技术的匮乏引起了政府的大量投资。因此航空航天工程专业的就业岗位数量预计会增加。
2.What might you find on an aerospace engineering degree?
Aerospace engineering degree courses usually last between three and five years depending on the type of qualification. The shortest accredited degree tends to be the three-year BEng in aerospace engineering, although this is now less common than longer programmes which incorporate a master’s and/or year abroad or in industry.
The aerospace engineering MEng provides a broad understanding of the subject and the aerospace industry, preparing graduates for work in a vast range of organisations. There is scope to specialise after completing the first two years of the programme.
Where they are offered, placement years normally take place in the third year of the course. Aerospace engineering departments enjoy direct links with companies such as Rolls-Royce, Boeing, Intel, Caterpillar and QinetiQ, giving students on sandwich courses a range of placements to choose from in multiple continents. Many universities also run PhD programmes in the subject.
Modules on aerospace engineering courses may include stress and dynamics, fluid mathematics and thermodynamics, numerical and experimental methods, solid mechanics, structural mechanics, airframe design, design optimisation, flight dynamics and control, flight testing and analysis, computer-aided engineering and gas dynamics.
Some of the sector’s leading employers sponsor degrees for a significant proportion of aerospace engineering students, from the Ministry of Defence to BAE Systems, Bombardier and Airbus.
2.航空航天工程学位学些什么?
航空航天工程学位课程一般需要三到五年时间学习，具体时间取决于证书类型。课程最短的学位是工程学士，只需三年时间。不过，工程学士现在不太常见了，更常见的是课时更长的计划。这类计划包含硕士学位和/或一年的海外或企业实习。
航空航天工程硕士可以对本学科和行业有广泛的理解，毕业后可以到各种组织机构就业。完成前两年学习之后，进入具体方向研究。
实习一般在课程第三年提供。航空航天部门和劳斯莱斯、波音、因特尔、卡特彼勒及奎奈蒂克等公司有直接联系，让学生可以有机会到各大洲进行三明治实习。此外，许多大学也提供本学科博士课程。
航空航天工程的模块可能包括压力与动力、流体数学与热力学、数值与实验方法、固体力学、结构力学、机架设计、飞行动力学与控制、飞行测试与分析、计算机辅助工程和气体动力学。
某些部门的顶级雇主会为一定比例的航空航天工程学生提供赞助，比如国防部、英国宇航系统公司、庞巴迪公司和空中客车公司。
3.What should I study to do an aerospace engineering degree?
Candidates are expected to have studied maths and physics to obtain a place on most aerospace engineering courses given the important part that both disciplines play in the field. Some institutions accept chemistry in place of physics, but as a general rule, applicants will find physics and maths a safer combination to apply to aerospace degree courses with.
Prior study of biology, design technology, IT, further maths, statistics or electronics may boost admission prospects to a lesser degree. Those with a BTEC in a science subject may also be considered, although may face an entrance exam.
Prospective students are sometimes discouraged from taking general studies and critical thinking qualifications, with some institutions listing them as subjects whose grades should be not be relied on for aerospace applications.
Aerospace applicants are generally urged to ensure they are studying maths and physics and ideally a related science or maths-based subject as their third, but are normally free to pick a subject of their choice as a fourth.
3.想在大学里读航空航天工程专业，需要先学习哪些知识?
大多数航空航天工程课程要求候选人学过数学和物理。某些大学接受化学代替物理，不过一般情况下，学习物理和数学申请到航空航天工程课程的几率相对大些。
生物、设计技术、信息技术、高等数学、统计学和电子学对入学前景的帮助相对小些。某些大学会将这些学科列为航空航天工程申请不做参考的学科。
一般而言，申请者需要学过数学和物理。理想条件下，还需要学习一门科学学科或以数学为基础的学科。第四门学科一般可以任意选。
4.What do people go on to do?
Aerospace engineering is one of the fastest-growing industries in the UK, which has the second largest aerospace sector in the world after the US. Improving green and fuel-efficient technologies have contributed to a steady rise in recent years in a whole host of countries, which is set to continue given the expected impact of emerging technologies in fuelling demand for aerospace engineers. It is therefore little surprise that many aerospace engineering graduates remain in the industry, working as aircraft manufacturers for civil and military companies across the globe.
As well as manufacturing companies and the armed forces, employers include government research agencies, regulators and training institutions. Some graduates also work on satellite platforms, supplying satellite-based tools to dozens of developing countries looking to make advances.
Around one graduate in five finds work as a mechanical engineer, and nearly as many find employment in design and development. Some 40 per cent of aerospace engineering graduates hold engineering and building jobs, including those who go on to work in maintenance, automotive and electrical engineering.
Outside aerospace engineering, graduates frequently go on to work in IT, business and quality control. Many choose to work in the wider aviation industry, be it sales, ground crew or air traffic control.
4.航空航天工程专业毕业后可以做哪些工作?
英国的航空航天工程规模仅次于美国，是英国发展最快的一个行业。近年来，绿色和能源技术的改进已经持续促进了各国同领域产业的发展。在燃料新技术对航空航天工程师仍然具有需求的情况下，这种发展还会持续。因此许多航空航天工程专业毕业生从事本专业工作，在世界各地的民事和军事公司担任航空器制造生产商，这是毫不为奇的。
除了制造型企业和军事工业，政府科研机构、监管机构和培训机构也招聘航空航天工程毕业生。此外，可以去卫星平台工作，为发展中国家提供卫星相关工具，推动它们的发展。
在航空航天工程专业毕业生中，大约五分之一当机械工程师，五分之一从事设计和开发相关工作。四层从事工程和建筑工作，包括从事维修、汽车工程和电气工程。
在航空航天工程以外，毕业生还经常从事IT、商务和质量控制方面工作。不少毕业生也从事其它方面工作，比如销售、地勤和空中交通管制。
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